The Evolving Nature of Retirement
Posted by twaa on April 3, 2007
With the first of the baby boomers nearing retirement age, there has been considerable ballyhoo about the changing nature of retirement. However, baby boomers do not so much represent a change as much as they do a continuation of the evolving nature of retirement.
In the agrarian economy of the 19th century, people did not retire; everyone was expected to make themselves useful. The knowledge and experience garnered in the process of aging allowed the elderly to continue to make valuable contributions in spite of their infirmities. However, with the transformation of the US economy from a rural, agrarian one to an urban, industrial one, the nature of the American work force changed. Factory work required speed, agility and strength, all of which erode as workers age. The knowledge and experience that came with age became less valuable, but older workers had little or no savings and thus had no choice but to continue working until they became overwhelmed by illness and old age. Retirement was measured in weeks or months.
During the Great Depression industrial unemployment reached nearly 25%. At least in part to move older workers out of the workforce to make room for younger ones, the federal government came up with Social Security. Consequently, with social security benefits and careful money management that often included living with their children, older workers might have had a few years during which they did not have to toil in a factory before they died. Retirement did not involve gracious living but at least it gained a foothold.
As the number of individuals eligible to receive social security increased and employers began offering private pension plans that could supplement personal savings and social security, many people began to perceive retirement as the “golden years,” a decade-long, permanent vacation at the end of life. As they became more affluent, and received increasingly generous private pension and social security benefits, people began retiring earlier and living longer. Thus the average length of retirement increased from about 8 years in 1950 to around 18 years today. Increasingly, benefits from social security and pensions together with careful planning have ensured that many people will have a relatively carefree retirement with time to pursue a second career, an avocation, or to just relax, and escape the responsibilities of raising a family and earning a living. -Gene Warren
Posted in January 2007 | No Comments »